Articles

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Turf toe is a hyper-extension or impaction injury of the great toe joint that injures the joint cartilage and soft tissue structures supporting the great toe joint. Turf toe is most often described as a...

Summary Read More Summary Tumors of the foot are classified as benign or malignant. There are a number of benign tumors specific to the foot that affect the skin, soft tissue. and bone. Primary malignant tumors of the foot represent...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary The most common injury to the nail is a bruise beneath the nail called a subungual hematoma. The bruise (hematoma) forms beneath the nail (subungual) when the nail is compressed or avulsed (pulled away) from...

Summary Treatment Guide Onychomycosis Summary Toe nail fungus is a fungal infection of the nail that results in thickening and yellow discoloration of the nail. For more information on this topic, please view our article on onychomycosis. Toe Nail Fungus...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Toe box dermatitis is a form of dermatitis common in children, caused by extreme temperature and moisture found within the toe box of the shoe. Toe box dermatitis is primarily caused by the rubber, non-breathable...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Runner's nail, also known as walker's nail or jogger's nail, is a common injury sustained by sports enthusiasts. Most patients don't recall a direct incidence of trauma to the nail, but when questioned further, they...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Raynaud's phenomenon is a vasospastic disorder of the small peripheral arteries called arterioles. This condition usually affects the fingers and toes but occasionally may affect other acral body parts such as the tongue, ear lobes,...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Pronation is a term used to describe the arch of the foot becoming flat. A pronated foot is a flat foot. To pronate is the verb form of the word pronation and means that the...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Plantar fibromatosis is a benign tumor specific to the plantar fascia. Plantar fibromatosis presents with firm, subdermal bumps, or nodules, that are found within the plantar fascia. The onset of plantar fibromatosis varies with each...

Summary Symptoms Read More Treatment Guide Video Summary Plantar fasciitis is an inflammatory condition of the foot that occurs at the insertion of the plantar fascia on the plantar (bottom) heel. Pain is severe with initial weight bearing and subsides...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Peripheral neuropathy is a disease process that affects the sensory, reflex, motor, and vasomotor (pertaining to the blood vessel) responses of the peripheral nerves. Some forms of neuropathy affect the motor function of the nerve...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) refers to limited arterial blood flow to the feet or hands. Peripheral arterial disease affects over 8 million Americans. The prevalence of PAD is known to increase with age and affects...

Summary Symptoms Read More Treatment Guide Summary Onychomycosis refers to a fungal infection of the toe nail or finger nail. It is estimated that 50 million Americans suffer from onychomycosis. Onychomycosis causes the nail to become thick, yellow, and brittle....

Summary Hammer Toe Summary A mallet toe is a type of hammer toe. The term mallet toe comes from the way the distal tip of the toe hits, or hammers, on the floor with each step. Mallet toes differ from...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Lister corns are found on the inside and outside of the nail bed, typically on the 5th toe. Lister corns are often described by the patient as having a "second toe nail" on the toe....

Summary Symptoms Read More Treatment Guide Summary An ingrown toe nail is best described as a foreign body reaction with mild infection. The toe nail grows into the skin and acts as a foreign body. The adjacent skin reacts to...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary The term hammer toe describes three unique contracture deformities of the toes. The deformities differ by the location of contracture in each joint of the toe. The three deformities include hammer toe, claw toe, and...

Summary Hallux Limitus Summary Hallux rigidus is the term used to describe end-stage limited range of motion of the great toe joint. Hallux rigidus is the final stage (stage 4) of hallux limitus. Hallux limitus is a progressive degenerative change...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Hallux limitus describes a condition where the hallux (great toe) is limited in its range of motion at the metatarsal phalangeal joint. This limited range of motion results in pain of the 1st metatarsal phalangeal...

Summary Onychomycosis Summary Fungus toe nail is also known as onychomycosis. Please follow the link to onychomycosis for more information on fungus toe nail. Internal reference only: ZoneD8, ZoneD9, ZoneL11, ZoneM9, ZoneM10

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Frostbite is a cold weather injury that freezes the water in the cells of skin and deep tissues. As the water in a cell freezes, the structures within the cell become dehydrated. As a result,...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary A cramp is the abrupt spasm of muscle and associated tendon resulting in pain and often the mal-position of the anatomy associated with that muscle and tendon such as hyper-flexion, hyperextension or contracture of the...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary Friction between the foot and the floor is important in walking and running. Friction allows us to stand in place without slipping and to push off during the normal gait cycle. Each step we take...

Summary Hammer Toes Summary A claw toe is one of a number of different types of digital deformities of the foot collectively known as hammer toes. A claw toe can affect one toe individually or all of the toes concurrently....

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary The formation of callus is a protective mechanism used by the skin to respond to external mechanical irritation. All skin is capable of forming callus. The most common locations for callus on the foot include...

Summary Symptoms Read More Video Summary The term bunion describes a bump of bone at the great toe joint that is the result of a poorly-aligned metatarsal bone and great toe. Poor alignment results in a prominence of bone at...

Summary Symptoms Read More Summary A broken toe can happen to any of the toes, but a broken 5th toe is by far the most common. The terms broken toe and fractured toe are used synonymously. Fractures of the lesser...

Summary Symptoms Read More Treatment Guide Summary Athlete's foot is the layman's term used to describe two different fungal infections of the foot collectively known as tinea pedis. Acute and chronic athlete's foot are caused by two different types of...