Forefoot

Hallux rigidus is the term used to describe end-stage limited range of motion of the great toe joint. Hallux rigidus is the final stage (stage 4) of hallux limitus. Hallux limitus is a progressive degenerative... (read more)

Hallux limitus describes a condition where the hallux (great toe) is limited in its range of motion at the metatarsal phalangeal joint. This limited range of motion results in pain of the 1st metatarsal... (read more)

Gout is a form of crystal deposition arthritis, hence the name gouty arthritis. Uric acid, a chemical that is found in the serum component of our blood, and a by-product of protein metabolism, is the key... (read more)

Freiberg's infraction is an ischemic condition specific to the lesser metatarsal heads, most commonly the second metatarsal. Also known as avascular necrosis or AVN, Freiberg's infraction results in a... (read more)

The forefoot includes that area of the foot also known as the ball-of-the-foot. The forefoot is a unique area of the foot that creates the final terminus of the foot and ground at the toe-off stage of... (read more)

Friction between the foot and the floor is important in walking and running. Friction allows us to stand in place without slipping and to push off during the normal gait cycle. Each step we take results... (read more)

Capsulitis is an inflammatory condition that affects the outer lining of the joint called the joint capsule. Capsulitis can occur at any joint in the human body. In the foot, capsulitis is commonly found... (read more)

The formation of callus is a protective mechanism used by the skin to respond to external mechanical irritation. All skin is capable of forming callus. The most common locations for callus on the foot... (read more)

The term bunion describes a bump of bone at the great toe joint that is the result of a poorly-aligned metatarsal bone and great toe. Poor alignment results in a prominence of bone at the great... (read more)

Bursitis describes an inflammatory tissue that forms in response to physical irritation or repetitive mechanical load to a specific area of the body. Bursitis is found throughout the body at locations... (read more)

Athlete's foot is the layman's term used to describe two different fungal infections of the foot collectively known as tinea pedis. Acute and chronic athlete's foot are caused by two different... (read more)

Arthritis is an inflammatory condition of one or more joints. There are many different types of arthritis. Each type of arthritis has a characteristic group of symptoms... (read more)